For communication scientist and media economist Manfred Knoche at the University of Salzburg, Austria, advertising isn’t just simply a ‘necessary evil’ but a ‘necessary elixir of life’ for the media business, the economy and capitalism as a whole. Advertising and mass media economic interests create ideology. Knoche describes advertising for products and brands as ‘the producer’s weapons in the competition for customers’ and trade advertising, e. g. by the automotive industry, as a means to collectively represent their interests against other groups, such as the train companies. In his view editorial articles and programmes in the media, promoting consumption in general, provide a ‘cost free’ service to producers and sponsoring for a ‘much used means of payment’ in advertising.[30] Christopher Lasch argues that advertising leads to an overall increase in consumption in society; "Advertising serves not so much to advertise products as to promote consumption as a way of life."[31]
BEIRUT - In the Mausoleum from The Flying Club Cup.
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If You Can't Trust The NewYork Times Who Can Ya!
Participatory journalism is a bottom-up, emergent phenomenon in which there is little or no editorial oversight or formal journalistic work-flow dictating the decisions of a staff. Instead, it is the result of many simultaneous, distributed conversations that either blossom or quickly atrophy in the Web’s social network.
Will mainstream media willing to relinquish some control and actively collaborate with their audiences? Or will an informed and empowered consumer begin to frame the news agenda from the grassroots?
Even this blog is considered peer to peer journalism. In fact it is even published to on line news outlets like Google reader, Digg, and others that I may not even know about. Even you the reader can scroll down to the bottom of this Blog site, click subscribe and be regularly updated on your Google reader or home page. Blogger life is the new news media.
“Blogs are in some ways a new form of journalism, open to anyone who can establish and maintain a Web site, and they have exploded in the past year,” writes Walter Mossberg, technology columnist for the Wall Street Journal.
Participatory journalism: The act of a citizen, or group of citizens, playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing and disseminating news and information.
This form of journalism is in direct contrast with its counterpart and traditional form of Top down journalism, where the mandates of Advertisers and interests of media corporation owners and investors matter so much. In essence, top down journalism is a form of hegemony, which is the dominance of one group over another. In this case Big media dictates the news to the mass public based partly on their own interests $.
